The doctoral project will be carried out under the co-supervision of Yamina Saheb, WSL's Executive Director, and Sihem Jouini, Associate Professor at HEC Paris, Director of the Innovation and design Project Major and the Executive MBA Major "Innovate as an Entrepreneur"
Project context
The 3S project (Systèmes de Santé Sobres) is a flagship initiative within the World Sufficiency Lab's strategy to co-produce actionable scientific knowledge with societal stakeholders on critical sufficiency policy challenges.
The doctoral candidate will design and implement an innovative action-research programme in partnership with actors across the French health system, with the objective of supporting the metamorphosis of healthcare delivery and governance models to meet emerging health needs under conditions of demographic ageing, ecological degradation, and resource constraints.
To our knowledge, no current research initiative is specifically dedicated to anticipating and preparing the French health system for the profound systemic transformations that these intersecting challenges are expected to generate.
Combining insights from public health, sustainability science, economics, and systems analysis, the project will employ a robust mixed-methods approach, including systematic literature reviews, systems modelling, focus groups, and machine learning techniques. Working closely with sector stakeholders, it will co-produce evidence-based policy pathways and governance innovations to enhance the resilience, sustainability, and adaptive capacity of the French health system.
Research objectives
The primary objective of this research is to conduct a forward-looking and participatory inquiry aimed at co-identifying, alongside relevant stakeholders, the transformations required for the French health system to meet future population health needs in the context of demographic ageing and accelerating ecological pressures.
More specifically, the doctoral candidate will investigate the organisational, economic, and governance models capable of ensuring equitable access to high-quality healthcare while strengthening the long-term sustainability and resilience of the health system. Particular attention will be paid to the financing mechanisms, institutional arrangements, workforce requirements, and socio-economic and environmental implications associated with these models.
The research will seek to identify:
- Organisational and service-delivery models capable of guaranteeing universal access to high-quality healthcare for all while remaining within, or minimising pressures on, planetary boundaries.
- The financing mechanisms, governance arrangements, and health workforce competencies required to support the implementation and scaling of these models.
- The socio-economic and environmental impacts of selected models, assessed through quantitative and systems-based modelling approaches.
- Evidence-based public policy recommendations capable of facilitating the transition towards more resilient, equitable, and sustainable health systems.
Research questions
The research will address the following overarching questions
- How must the French health system evolve to protect and promote population health, particularly that of older adults, in a context characterised by digital transformation, demographic ageing, and escalating environmental disruption?
- What contribution can sufficiency-oriented approaches make to enhancing the resilience, sustainability, and adaptive capacity of the French health system?
- What roles might existing health-system actors play in future healthcare systems, and how could their organisational and economic models evolve in response to emerging demographic, environmental, and technological challenges?
- Which policy, governance, and financing mechanisms are required to support the transition towards sufficiency-oriented health-system models in France and, more broadly, across Europe?
Methodology
This doctoral project adopts a multidisciplinary and mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative, qualitative, and computational research methods to investigate pathways towards a more sustainable, resilient, and equitable French health system.
The research will begin with a systematic literature review examining the intersections between health systems, sustainability transitions, resilience, and sufficiency. This review will establish the project's conceptual and empirical foundations and identify relevant international experiences and emerging policy innovations.
Building on this evidence base, the project will employ systems-based modelling approaches to assess the socio-economic, health, and environmental implications of selected organisational and service-delivery models. These analyses will enable the evaluation of potential trade-offs, synergies, and long-term impacts associated with alternative health-system pathways.
The quantitative component will be complemented by an extensive programme of stakeholder engagement, including focus groups, semi-structured workshops, and participatory foresight exercises involving key actors across the French health system, such as mutual insurance organisations (mutuelles), public authorities, healthcare professionals, civil society organisations, and elected representatives.
These activities will support the co-production of knowledge and the identification of feasible and desirable transition pathways. The project will also leverage machine-learning and artificial intelligence tools to support evidence synthesis, policy mapping, and stakeholder analysis, enabling the systematic processing of large bodies of textual and documentary data.
Prior to the commencement of the doctoral research, the Francophone Assises of Sufficiency will be convened to bring together researchers, policymakers, practitioners, and civil-society actors from France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Switzerland. These Assises will serve as a platform for knowledge exchange, agenda-setting, and stakeholder mobilisation around key sufficiency challenges, with particular attention to the future of health systems. Their outcomes will contribute to refining the research agenda and strengthening the project's transnational network of partners and collaborators.
Target audiences and intended impact
The research is designed to engage a broad range of stakeholders involved in shaping the future of the French health system. Its primary audiences include senior officials within national and regional administrations, particularly the Ministries of Health, Labour, Social Affairs, Ecological Transition, and Finance; mutual insurance organisations (mutuelles); healthcare providers and professional associations; elected representatives at both national and local levels; and civil-society organisations active in the fields of health and social protection.
By generating robust evidence and fostering stakeholder participation throughout the research process, the project seeks to support strategic decision-making on the future of healthcare provision in a context of demographic, environmental, and economic change. Its ultimate objective is to contribute to the metamorphosis towards a more resilient, equitable, and sustainable health system capable of ensuring universal access to prevention, care, and long-term support while responding effectively to the challenges of the twenty-first century.
Beyond its academic contribution, the project aims to strengthen dialogue between researchers, policymakers, practitioners, and citizens, thereby enhancing the capacity of health system actors to anticipate and manage systemic transformations.
Deliverables and timeline
The doctoral project will be conducted over a three-year period and will generate a range of academic and policy-oriented outputs.
The expected deliverables include:
- An initial progress report submitted six months after the start of the doctoral programme, presenting the conceptual framework, literature review, and detailed research design.
- A comprehensive progress report at the end of the second year, summarising preliminary findings and stakeholder engagement activities.
- Three peer-reviewed scientific articles submitted to leading international journals in the fields of health policy, sustainability transitions, public administration, or related disciplines.
- Policy briefs and stakeholder-oriented outputs designed to support knowledge transfer and inform public debate.
- A doctoral dissertation submitted at the end of the third year, ideally structured as a thesis by publication integrating the three scientific articles within a coherent analytical framework.
Governance:
The project will be supported by a dedicated governance structure designed to ensure scientific excellence, stakeholder engagement, and policy relevance throughout the doctoral programme.
A steering committee composed of funding organisations, institutional partners, and academic supervisors will meet every four months to review progress, provide strategic guidance, and facilitate the translation of research findings into policy and practice. This forum will ensure that the project's research agenda remains responsive to emerging challenges and stakeholder needs while preserving its scientific independence.
Regular co-production workshops and structured exchanges between the doctoral candidate, project partners, and funders will be organised throughout the research process. These interactions will facilitate knowledge sharing, support the refinement of research questions and analytical frameworks, and promote the dissemination and uptake of findings among key health-system stakeholders.
The governance model is intended to foster a continuous dialogue between science, policy, and practice, thereby maximising both the scientific contribution and the societal impact of the research.
Funding and conditions
The World Sufficiency Lab (WSL) has already secured core funding for the project through its partnership with actors from the insurance sector. Additional funding will be sought through the French National Association for Research and Technology (ANRT) under the CIFRE scheme following the selection of the doctoral candidate.
Duration:
The doctoral project will be conducted over a period of three years. The successful candidate is expected to start the programme no later than October 2026, with completion and submission of the doctoral dissertation no later than 31 December 2029.
Location:
The doctoral candidate will be based in Paris and integrated into the activities of WSL and HEC. The position will involve regular travel within France and, where relevant, across Europe to support fieldwork activities, stakeholder engagement, dissemination events, and meetings of the project's governance bodies.
All activities are conducted in accordance with WSL's Code of Conduct, Ethics Framework, and Safeguarding Policy.
Candidate profile:
Required qualifications
Applicants should hold a Master's degree (or equivalent) in health economics, public health, environmental economics, ecological economics, political science, economics, sociology, or a closely related discipline.
The successful candidate will demonstrate:
- A strong interest in sufficiency, planetary boundaries, ecological transition, sustainability transformations, and/or the future of health systems.
- Solid training in both quantitative and qualitative research methods, with the ability to work across disciplinary boundaries.
- Familiarity with systematic literature review methodologies; experience with modelling approaches, policy analysis, or participatory research methods will be considered advantageous.
- Excellent written and oral communication skills in both French and English.
- The ability to work independently while engaging effectively with diverse academic, policy, and practitioner communities.
- Strong organisational skills and a demonstrated capacity to manage complex research projects involving multiple stakeholders.
The ideal candidate will combine academic excellence with a genuine interest in producing policy-relevant research capable of informing societal transitions.
Desirable Qualifications
The following qualifications will be considered strong assets
- Professional or research experience related to the French health system, mutual insurance organisations (mutuelles), health policy, social protection, or public health administration.
- Knowledge of systems modelling approaches, including integrated assessment modelling, input-output analysis, systems dynamics, or other methods relevant to sustainability transitions.
- Experience with machine learning techniques, computational social science methods, or advanced data analytics.
- Previous involvement in participatory research, stakeholder engagement, deliberative democracy, or co-production processes.
- A publication record, including peer-reviewed articles, working papers, policy briefs, or other evidence of scientific writing and dissemination.
- Familiarity with interdisciplinary research at the intersection of health, sustainability, public policy, and socio-ecological transitions.
The World Sufficiency Lab particularly welcomes applications from candidates who are motivated to bridge scientific research and public action, and who are committed to contributing to the development of health systems that are equitable, resilient, and compatible with planetary boundaries.
How to Apply
Applications should be submitted as a single PDF document containing:
- A cover letter (maximum two pages) outlining the candidate's motivation for applying and demonstrating their suitability for the 3S project.
- A detailed curriculum vitae.
- A research statement (maximum three pages) presenting the candidate's preliminary reflections on, and proposed approach to, one or more of the research questions outlined above.
- Official transcripts of Master's-level studies (or equivalent).
- Contact details for two academic referees.
Application Deadline: September 4th, 2026
Submission Procedure
Applications should be sent by email to info@thesufficiencylab.org with the subject line: "3S PhD Application - [Candidate Name]"
Selection Process
Applications will be evaluated on the basis of academic excellence, methodological skills, research potential, and alignment with the objectives of the 3S project.
Shortlisted candidates will be invited to an interview with the doctoral supervisors and representatives of the funding consortium.
The interview will provide an opportunity to discuss the candidate's research interests, methodological approach, and potential contribution to the project.
The successful candidate will be selected on the basis of their academic record, the quality and originality of their research proposal, and their ability to contribute to an interdisciplinary and stakeholder-oriented research environment.